Defensive control techniques that operations level personnel are permitted to engage in are

• A. Evacuation, ignition, ventilation, and dilution
• B. Pouring water on the spill
• C. Dike, dam, diversion, and retention
• D. Implementing counterfeiting methods

Answer: (C)

Defensive control techniques are actions taken to keep a hazardous material from spreading and to protect people and the environment, without directly trying to remove or attack the source. The best choice focuses on containment and isolation: creating barriers (dikes or dams) to block the flow, diverting the release away from exposures, and retaining the product in a controlled area. These steps are appropriate for operations-level responders because they are practical, quick to implement with basic equipment, and reduce spread and exposure safely. In contrast, pouring water can react with some chemicals or spread the hazard; ventilation or dilution can disperse vapors unpredictably; ignition would worsen the situation by spreading fire; and actions not related to containment don’t address the incident safely.